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来源：佰家富app2024-08-31 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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解码外贸发展“浙”一年：政企双向奔赴跑出加速度******

　　中新网杭州1月12日电(记者黄慧)打好开放牌、走好开放路，一直是“开放排头兵”浙江富民强省的关键所在。其中，外贸发展举足轻重。

　　1月12日，在浙江省十四届人大一次会议“厅(局)长通道”上，浙江省商务厅厅长韩杰亮出2022年浙江外贸成绩单。“据监测，预计全年浙江外贸进出口、出口、进口有望实现两位数的增长，为浙江经济的发展提供了有力支撑。”

　　回顾去年，他表示，出台新政策、抢抓新订单、挖掘新增量“三个新”令人印象深刻。

　　去年，浙江坚持全面顶格、能出尽出、能快则快、精准高效，迭代了6轮稳外贸政策，频率、密度、内容以及含金量都是历年来少有的。

　　以持续创新为外贸企业稳订单保驾护航，也成为浙江外贸工作的一大亮点。据悉，继前年出台网上交易会举措后，浙江去年首创了“代参展”模式，在人员出不去的情况下，让货物出得去。随着境外疫情防控政策逐步调整，该省又开创了“商务包机”模式，让商务人员出国抢订单。除了让人员出得去，该省还积极引进国外的商务人员到浙江洽谈，首创出“闭环泡泡”模式。

　　近期，浙江组织开展了“千团万企拓市场抢订单引项目”行动，仅去年12月就有20多个团组“走出去”，拿到了意向订单180多亿元。在挖掘新增量方面，浙江市场采购贸易方式试点地区增加到6个，海外智慧物流平台的海外仓已覆盖196个国家，数量居全国第一。

　　2023年，浙江省政府工作报告提出，拓市场抢订单引外资，进一步扩大开放型经济发展优势，其中提及千方百计推动外贸平稳增长。

　　韩杰表示，除一般性相关举措外，新的一年将努力在“三个强”上发力，以点带面推动浙江外贸再创新高。其中包含强政策，优服务；强主体，拓市场；强动能，增后劲。

　　据悉，在“强政策，优服务”方面，浙江将努力以最优政策、最佳服务，守护好一大批外贸主体。该省将推动省市县三级联动，加强对外贸企业的走访，解决外贸企业相关问题，努力做到“做一件，成一件，温暖一大片”。

　　在“强主体，拓市场”方面，浙江将做细做实“千团万企拓市场抢订单引项目”行动，组织1000个以上团组1万余家企业赴海外拓市场，办好各类境内外拓市场活动。

　　此外，该省还将努力发挥产业、业态、模式作用，让其成为下一步外贸发展的“动力源”。如持续推进市场采购、跨境电商等业态健康快速发展；积极探索新的外贸业态，包括保税维修、离岸贸易、易货贸易等，推动数字贸易创新发展，为浙江外贸发展注入强劲后劲。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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