资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
从习近平眼中“最大的人权”,读懂当代中国的人权观****** (近观中国)从习近平眼中“最大的人权”,读懂当代中国的人权观 中新社北京10月9日电 (记者 梁晓辉)在今年联合国大会期间,一场联合国人权理事会关于中国人权观的主题边会引发外界关注。名为“以人民为中心:当代中国人权观的价值遵循”的这场研讨会,再次将中国的人权观带入世界聚光灯下。 “人民幸福生活是最大的人权。”中国最高领导人习近平的这句话,是中国人权观中为人熟知的论述之一,被认为是“以人民为中心”当代中国人权观的集中体现。 中共十八大以来,习近平围绕尊重和保障人权发表一系列重要论述,形塑着当代中国的人权观。外界注意到,“人民”是习近平在论述人权时的高频词,如他在谈及人权普惠性时指出“人权不是一部分人或少数人享有的特权,而是广大人民群众享有的普惠性人权”,谈及人权主体性时表示“让人民成为人权事业发展的主要参与者、促进者、受益者”…… 中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员贺海仁认为,当代中国的人权观与中国共产党的初心紧密相连。用最大人权观表达集中力量办大事的中国国家制度、深入践行小康社会工程和从容应对人类重大危机,充分展示出中国共产党治国理政的权利实践和权利方法。 为中国人民谋幸福是中国共产党人始终不渝的初心。十八大以来,中国共产党从解决人民生活中的具体问题入手,将“以人民为中心”的人权观贯穿政策制定的全过程,落脚于提升民众的幸福感、获得感。 着眼于“人民幸福生活”这一最大的人权,中国建成了世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系、医疗卫生体系,改善人民生活环境质量;着眼于消除“贫穷”这一实现人权的最大障碍,中国全面建成小康社会,历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题;在新冠肺炎疫情威胁生存权、发展权等首要的基本人权时,中国全力应对,最大限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康…… “全面建成小康社会、妥善应对人类重大危机,从中都能看到‘以人民为中心’中国人权观所发挥的作用。”贺海仁说。 “发展人权是全人类共同的事业。人权保障没有最好,只有更好。”十年间,中国人权事业取得长足进展,在不断解决自身存在问题的同时,也更注重积极参与全球人权治理,为世界提供助益。 习近平曾强调,“德之所在,天下归之”,“义之所在,天下赴之”。我们要弘扬全人类共同价值,坚持平等互信、包容互鉴、合作共赢、共同发展的理念,推动全球人权治理朝着更加公平、公正、合理、包容的方向发展。 中国是联合国安理会常任理事国、现任的人权理事会成员国。中国关于人权领域的国际交流与合作、全球人权治理的立场和主张,与中国的人权实践紧密相关,外界将其视为当代中国人权观的有机组成部分。 作为世界上唯一持续制定和实施四期国家人权行动计划的主要大国,近十年,中国展现出更加积极有为的全球人权治理姿态,既参与具体的人权事务,也通过对外援助、抗疫合作、减贫合作等助力他国改善民生,更通过提出“一带一路”倡议、构建人类命运共同体理念等,致力于“兼济天下”“天下大同”。 回顾这十年中国参与全球人权治理的成效,南开大学人权研究中心主任常健尤其关注到中国人权观给世界带来的启迪。 当今世界,人权话语权被少数国家所垄断,其概念遭到任意解释和滥用,有时充当政治武器,有时又成“双标”借口。在此背景下,当代中国的人权观强调,人权不是装饰品,不是用来做摆设的;人权是历史的、具体的、现实的,不能脱离不同国家的社会政治条件和历史文化传统空谈人权。 习近平鲜明指出,“评价一个国家是否有人权,不能以别的国家的标准来衡量,更不能搞双重标准”。 常健认为,中国推崇的是一种平等、开放、包容的多元人权观,在世界人权认知中起到了“正本清源”的作用,也有助于将人权议题从对立和对抗中解放出来,同时更给那些想探索本国人权发展模式的国家带去启迪。 有评论认为,中国所秉持的人权观,也与中国在民主和现代化上的认知同步:“实现民主有多种方式,不可能千篇一律。”“现代化道路并没有固定模式,适合自己的才是最好的,不能削足适履。”基于此,中国近些年提出“全过程人民民主”“中国式现代化道路”,成为在民主和现代化道路上不断积累和探索出的成果。 而当代中国的人权观,亦是中国在人权领域不断探索和积累的成果。“从中国自身看,它行之有效,从世界看,它带来了启迪。”常健说。(完) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |