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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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习近平同德国总统施泰因迈尔通电话******

　　新华社北京12月20日电 国家主席习近平20日晚应约同德国总统施泰因迈尔通电话。

　　习近平指出，今年是中德建交50周年，是中德关系中具有重大意义的一年。在中德几代领导人的共同努力下，中德关系总体保持了向前向好的大方向，两国成为全方位战略伙伴。中德关系发展有着深厚民意基础、广泛共同利益和丰富成功经验。只要双方坚持相互尊重、互利共赢，中德关系就一定能够走得正、走得稳、走得远。中方愿同德方一道努力，推动中德关系不断迈上新台阶，开启中德关系未来成功的50年。

　　习近平就下阶段中德关系发展提出三点意见：

　　首先，双方应该坚持正确的基本认知。中德始终是对话的伙伴、发展的伙伴、合作的伙伴、应对全球挑战的伙伴。双方要继续通过对话凝聚和扩大共识，以建设性态度管控分歧，继续充实伙伴关系内涵。

　　第二，中德合作务实开放，这是双方关系应该坚持的最重要特色。过去50年中德贸易额增长了870倍。双方应该珍惜来之不易的合作成果，加强市场、资本、技术优势互补，做大汽车、机械、化工等传统领域合作，挖掘服务贸易、智能制造、数字化等领域合作潜力。中方对在华投资的德国企业一视同仁，希望德方为中国企业在德投资提供公平、透明、非歧视的营商环境。

　　第三，引领中欧关系健康稳定发展，这是中德双方应该共同努力的方向。中方支持欧盟战略自主，希望欧方坚持中欧互为战略伙伴的基本定位，坚持相互尊重、相互包容、务实合作、互利共赢，坚持中欧关系不针对、不依附、也不受制于第三方。希望德方继续发挥积极作用，同中方一道，推动中欧关系行稳致远。

　　习近平强调，中方愿同德方在应对后疫情时期经济复苏乏力、气候变化、粮食危机、能源危机等全球性挑战方面开展更加广泛、深入的合作。

　　施泰因迈尔表示，非常高兴在临近岁末之际同习近平主席通电话，我至今对4年前访华的情景记忆犹新。今年国际形势经历了非同寻常的风云变幻，又恰逢德中建交50周年。50年来，德中关系日益紧密，内涵外延丰富广泛，合作成果非常丰硕，给双方人民带来了福祉。德方坚定奉行一个中国政策。德方愿同中方认真回顾总结过去，规划展望未来，本着相互尊重、开放包容的精神，不断推进德中关系进一步发展。我对未来德中关系光明前景充满信心。德方愿同中方加强交往沟通，适时举行新一轮两国政府磋商，深化各领域务实合作，就地区热点问题保持密切磋商协调，更好应对生物多样性保护、能源危机、粮食危机、维护产业链供应链安全稳定、促进世界经济恢复增长等共同挑战。德方赞赏中方为《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会成功作出的重要贡献，也愿积极促进欧中关系的发展。

　　双方还就乌克兰危机交换了意见。习近平强调，中方坚持主张劝和促谈，认为危机长期化、复杂化不符合各方利益。中方支持欧方展现战略自主，引领构建均衡、有效、可持续的欧洲安全架构，实现欧洲大陆的持久和平和长治久安。

　　《光明日报》（ 2022年12月21日 01版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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